By Sasha Alex Lessin, Ph.D. (Anthropology, UCLA)
VENEZUELA
PLEISTOCENE HUNTERS GROUNDS (Taima-Taima & El Jobo tradition)
Archaeology: Mastodon hunters with El Jobo points ~16,000–13,000 BP in Falcón; multiple kill sites at waterholes.
Anunnaki: Early arrival of PRE-CAIN OR PROTO-CAINITE HUNTER BANDS, possibly already directed by remote Anunnaki to exploit megafauna and survey resources.
ORINOCO FORAGER–HORTICULTURALISTS (6000–2000 BCE)
Archaeology: Riverine groups experimented with plant cultivation and settled in mobile but anchored seasonal camps.
Anunnaki: NINURTA-ALIGNED AGRICULTURAL TRAINING—Ninurta taught cassava processing, river-terrace gardening, and flood management to local clans.
SALADOID / ARAWAK EXPANSION (c. 500 BCE–545 CE)
Archaeology: Sedentary villages, manioc fields, fine polychrome pottery; people moved from the Orinoco out to the Caribbean islands.
Anunnaki: Stabilized CAINITE/ARAWAK SEED POPULATION, provided a workforce and maritime expertise, and brought Viracocha/Adad imagery and ritual into the Caribbean.
TIMOTO-CUICA HIGHLANDS (late 1st millennium CE)
Archaeology: Mountain terraces, stone architecture, storage systems; relatively dense and organized.
Anunnaki: A NINURTA-STYLE HIGHLAND EXPERIMENT that yielded stone-faced terraces and grain management reminiscent of Mesopotamian irrigation cities, but re-engineered for the Andes fringe.
COLOMBIA
BOGOTÁ PLATEAU PLEISTOCENE HUNTERS (Tibitó, Tequendama, El Abra – ~13,600–11,000 Before 1950)
Archaeology: On the Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Bogotá plateau, ~2,600 m elevation), some of the earliest securely dated human occupations in northern South America occurred at Tibitó (~13,600 before 1950), Teq, and Uendama (~12,850 before 1950). The El Abra cave/shelter complex (~12,400 Before 1950 onward) exhibits long-term use, with stone tools, hearths, and evidence of deer, mastodon, and camelid processing. These early foragers adapted rapidly to cold highland climates after the last glaciation.
Anunnaki: The Bogotá plateau functioned as a NORTHERN HIGH-ANDES SURVEY ZONE within the wider Andean gold–tin corridor. NINURTA’S FIELD ENGINEERS evaluated highland basins for agricultural terraces, water capture, and mineral access. Pre-Cain or hybrid clans served as scouts, carriers, and hunting auxiliaries, living close to sacred lakes and uplands that later myth encoded as contact zones with sky-beings.
EARLY HIGHLAND & MID-ELEVATION FORAGERS (10,000–3000 BCE)
Archaeology: After the first occupations, Colombia hosted diverse adaptive strategies: highland hunters on the Bogotá plateau; riverine fishers and gatherers in the Magdalena, Caquetá, and Orinoco River drainages; and early plant-use traditions in warm valleys. These groups created regional tool styles and seasonal mobility networks stretching into present-day Ecuador and Venezuela.
Anunnaki: This was the POPULATION-SEEDING AND TRAINING PHASE. Under NINURTA AND ENLIL-LINE SUPERINTENDENTS, farming management, and forest-garden strategies were incrementally “gifted” to select lineages — possibly CAINITE-descended — who became ritual-knowledge carriers in the northern Andes. Sacred lakes and hilltops were orientation nodes for sky-craft comings and goings remembered in later Andean tales.
FORMATIVE CHIEFDOMS & TRADE NETWORKS (3000–500 BCE)
Archaeology: By the late Archaic and Early Formative periods, Colombia hosted regional ceremonial centers and engaged in long-distance exchange. Goldwork begins to appear in small quantities; obsidian, shells, and ritual items circulated widely. Coastal, highland, and Amazon-edge cultures interacted through dense trade webs that linked Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama.
Anunnaki: Gold, ritually charged and symbolically linked to the Anunnaki Lords, became a sacred duty-offering, echoing the export metallurgy run by VIRACOCHA/ADAD AND NINURTA further south. Colombia functioned as the NORTHERN GATEHOUSE of the wider Andean control grid.
MUISCA & THE “EL DORADO” GOLD–SALT ECONOMY (c. 600–1500 CE)
Archaeology: On the Bogotá plateau, the Muisca confederation developed a sophisticated economy in the Americas centered on salt extraction, goldwork, emerald mining, textiles, and ritual exchange. Chroniclers recorded the El Dorado ritual: a ruler coated in gold dust offering votive objects into a sacred lagoon. The Muisca were astronomically literate and ritually oriented around lakes, highland shrines, and sky-time observances.
Anunnaki: This is the ARCHAIC SURVIVAL OF A VIRACOCHA/ADAD GOLD-RITUAL CULT. Gold is not “wealth,” but “THE GODS’ FLESH, A SACRED TRUST, tied to Anunnaki sky-lords’ requiring offerings. The NINURTA-ERA LANDING/CONTACT TRADITIONS were filtered through millennia of cultural memory. The Muisca thus preserve — in fossil form — a once-direct Anunnaki covenant economy, now maintained by priest-kings rather than direct “gods.”
TAYRONA & SAN AGUSTÍN SCULPTURAL REALMS (1st millennium CE)
Archaeology: In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Tayrona constructed stone-terraced cities such as Ciudad Perdida, with causeways, plazas, and ritual architecture hidden in the rainforest uplands. Further south at San Agustín, monumental stone figures depict composite humans–animals–spirits with fierce expressions and sacred regalia. The meanings remain mysterious.
Anunnaki: These represent RITUALIZED MEMORY OF HYBRID LINEAGES & SKY-BEING CONTACT. The severe faces, headdresses, and animal-fusion imagery are ELITE GUARDIAN CASTES descended from ANUNNAKI–EARTHLING BREEDING PROGRAMS, assigned as watchers of portals, mines, and high tradition. Terraced upland sanctuaries mirror Andean Viracocha–Ninurta landscape engineering elsewhere.
LATE INTERACTIONS & INCA OVERLAY (15th Century CE)
Archaeology: In the late pre-Columbian centuries, northern Andean and Ecuadorian highland chiefdoms interacted with Muisca, Pasto, and coastal groups. The Inca expansion briefly reached southern Colombia but never fully absorbed the highlands to the north.
Anunnaki: The INCA EXTENSION was A POLITICAL REBRANDING OF FAR OLDER ANUNNAKI INFRASTRUCTURE — roadways, shrines, astronomical observatories, terrace systems — already rooted in VIRACOCHA/ADAD’S ADMINISTERED REALMS long before recorded history.
SUMMARY
Conventional: Colombia holds some of the earliest securely dated Andean highland occupations, evolving into complex ritual–economic chiefdoms like the Muisca, Tayrona, and San Agustín cultures, with deep trade networks and goldwork traditions — all emerging from local innovation and environmental adaptation.
Anunnaki: Colombia marks THE NORTHERN RITUAL WALL OF THE ANDEAN ANUNNAKI COMPLEX — populated early by CAINITE-LINKED OR HYBRID CLANS that NINURTA AND VIRACOCHA/ADAD trained in mining, farming, astronomy, terrace-engineering, and gold ritual. The El Dorado tradition preserves the memory of sacred gold-rendering to sky-lords. At the same time, mountain sanctuaries served as contact and control points in a planetary mining administration centered in the high Andes.
ECUADOR
PALAEO-INDIAN HIGHLAND HUNTERS (El Inga & Quito Plateau)
Archaeology: The El Inga site on the slopes of Ilaló volcano near Quito shows some of the earliest humans in the northern Andes, with obsidian “fishtail” (Fell-type) projectile points. Dates cluster roughly 12,500–9,000 years BP (~10,500–7,000 BCE), with repeated hunter–gatherer camps exploiting highland game and plant resources.
Anunnaki: EARLY ANDES SURVEY TEAMS, likely under NINURTA’S SUPERVISION, tested high-altitude living and mapped ore-bearing formations around Quito. These Paleo-Indian bands can be read as PRE-CAIN OR MIXED EARTHLING HUNTERS quietly folded into a larger Anunnaki reconnaissance grid stretching from Colombia down into Peru and Bolivia.
COASTAL LAS VEGAS FORAGERS–HORTICULTURALISTS (8000–4600 BCE)
Archaeology: On the Santa Elena Peninsula, the Las Vegas culture represents one of the earliest sedentary coastal lifeways in South America, dating to ~8000–4600 BCE. People lived in small villages, fished, hunted, gathered shellfish, and experimented with the domestication of squash, bottle gourd, and later maize, leaving one of the most extensive preceramic burial grounds in South America.
Anunnaki: A COASTAL TRAINING FIELD where NINURTA AND VIRACOCHA/ADAD introduced TROPICAL-FOREST AGRICULTURE—teaching early CAINITE-LINE CLANS how to stabilize on the desert coast with irrigation know-how and drought-adapted crops. Las Vegas becomes the first Ecuadorian node in a north–south chain of coastal settlements feeding information and food into the main Andean gold–tin corridor further south.
EARLY CERAMIC PIONEERS: REAL ALTO & VALDIVIA (c. 4600–1500 BCE)
Archaeology: At Real Alto, incised pottery fragments dated 4640–4460 BCE represent some of the earliest ceramics in the Americas, just before the emergence of the Valdivia culture. Valdivia (c. 3500–1500 BCE), along the Santa Elena coast, built permanent villages, ringed houses around plazas, and developed advanced red/gray pottery and “Venus” female figurines, alongside maize, beans, squash, cassava, chili, and cotton.
Anunnaki: A FULL-FORM CAINITE–HYBRID COASTAL CULTURE, blending SEAFARING, AGRICULTURE, AND GODDESS RITUAL. The Valdivia “Venuses” echo INANNA/ISHTAR–NINMAH ICONOGRAPHY filtered through VIRACOCHA/ADAD’S ANDEAN CULT. This is where PACIFIC CONTACT (Jōmon-style pottery parallels, now downplayed by conservative archaeologists) can be read as Anunnaki-orchestrated ship traffic—linking Japan, Pacific islands, and the Ecuadorian littoral as a rim of experimental colonies supplying food, cotton, and eventually gold-carrying traders to the greater Andean system.
LATER COASTAL & HIGHLAND CHIEFDOMS (Machalilla, Chorrera, Cañari, Quitu–Caras, to Inca)
Archaeology: The Formative period on the coast sees Machalilla (c. 1430–830 BCE) and Chorrera (c. 1300–300 BCE) cultures, with more elaborate ceramics, trade, and ritual, followed inland and north/south by Highland and Sierra chiefdoms: Cotocollao, Quitu, Caras, Cañari, Paltas, and others. By the Late Horizon, the Inca Empire absorbed much of Ecuador, superimposing its roads, storehouses, and sun cult on older networks that had already existed for millennia.
Anunnaki: ECUADOR BECOMES A NORTHERN FLANK OF THE HIGH ANDEAN “VIRACOCHA REALMS”. Coastal Machalilla and Chorrera can be seen as SPECIALIZED MARITIME AND TRADE OUTPOSTS feeding obsidian, shells, cotton, and gold north and south. At the same time, highland Cañari and Quitu–Caras groups manage TERRACES, LAKES, AND PASS ROUTES under long-remembered sky-god and earth-goddess cults. The later Inca occupation re-badged older NINURTA–VIRACOCHA INFRASTRUCTURE, claiming credit for roads, shrines, and fields first laid out under Anunnaki supervision in the deep past.
TAYOS CAVES & THE CRESPI COLLECTION (20th-Century Echo of a Much Older Anunnaki Presence)
Archaeology: fringe record: In the Cueva de los Tayos system in southeastern Ecuador, explorers since the 1960s (Juan Moricz, Stan Hall, Neil Armstrong’s 1976 expedition) have pursued reports of a “metal library”—engraved plates, strange statues, and underground chambers —publicized by Erich von Däniken. No mainstream excavation has confirmed the existence of artificial tunnels or any genuine metallic archive. In nearby Cuenca, Father Carlo Crespi’s collection of golden and bronze artifacts—some judged authentic indigenous pieces, others likely modern forgeries—includes alleged Old World–style motifs that fringe researchers link to Mesopotamia and Sumer.
Anunnaki: For SITCHIN-STYLE STUDENTS, TAYOS AND THE CRESPI HOARD REPRESENT MEMORY TRACES OF NINURTA’S “METAL LIBRARIES” AND ENKI’S UNDERGROUND TECH-DEPOTS—vaults where mining records, alloy recipes, and star charts were once stored. Even if the surviving artifacts are fragmentary or contaminated by later fakes, the “mythic pattern”—hidden metal books, mixed iconography, and priestly guardians—fits an ANUNNAKI ARCHIVE in the Ecuadorian jungle that later Indians only half remembered and half re-created in ritual gifts to Crespi.
PERU (Viracocha/Adad’s primary Andean base)
EARLY HUNTERS (13,000–8000 BCE)
Archaeology: High-altitude caves (Lauricocha), Guitarrero, Ayacucho/Ancash sites; hunter-gatherers in mountains and coast.
Anunnaki: Initial SURVEY TEAMS observed glacier retreat, water sources, and ore-bearing formations.
PRECERAMIC TEMPLE/CITY FOUNDATIONS (Caral, coastal & highland centers)
Archaeology: Monumental architecture without pottery, complex ritual and irrigation, by the late 4th–3rd millennium BCE.
Anunnaki: Viracocha/Adad and Ninurta began structured city projects. They designed pyramidal platforms and canals, as in Mesopotamia, but adapted to Andean hydrology.
HIGH ANDEAN “VIRACOCHA REALMS” (Tiwanaku, Lake Titicaca, Cuzco)
Archaeology: Tiwanaku was a central ritual and political center; sophisticated stonework, astronomy, and agricultural raised-field systems; later, the Inca capital at Cuzco, supposedly by Indians (but this is nonsense).
Anunnaki: Anunnaki Commander Enlil sent his grandsons, Viracocha = Adad/Ishkur(enthroned as chief Andes overseer), and Ninurta and Ningishzidda/Thoth ran hydraulic engineering and megalithic design. They mined, refined, and sent gold, silver, and later tin-bronze, metallurgy framed as both an interplanetary export to Nibiru, the Anunnaki home planet, and as an export to Europe, Mesopotamia, and India.
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To be continued; stay tuned; VENEZUELA MAY BECOME OUR NEXT IRAQ. I’ll bring up to and include Trump’s attack on Venezuela in subsequent posts.
Early Peoples of VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR & PERU.
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