By Sasha Alex Lessin, Ph.D. (Anthropology, UCLA) CARTHAGE, A CITY THAT REFUSED TO BE “JUST A COLONY” Phoenician sailors from Tyre (in what is now Lebanon) founded Carthage on the Gulf of Tunis, traditionally dated to around 814 BCE. Carthage began as a trading outpost, but its merchants, shipwrights, farmers, and priesthood turned it into …









