By Sasha Alex Lessin, Ph.D. (Anthropology, UCLA) Backstory: From 1908 to 1935, José Antonio Páez established the presidential rulership pattern, and President Gómez perfected it. President Páez ruled through charisma, cavalry, and negotiated loyalty in a fractured land. Gómez inherited a quieter battlefield and weaponized administration, prisons, and contracts. Where Páez balanced regions, Gómez crushed …








